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[Music]

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America's newest entry in the program of

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the exploration of the space above our

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earth and the investigation of the

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planets of our solar system and beyond

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is the Apollo Saturn 1b with the

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successful firing of this space

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transportation system the National

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Aeronautics and Space Administration has

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added an intermediate space vehicle to

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its family of three Saturn launch

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vehicles the Apollo Saturn 1b standing

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over 20 stories high will be the first

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Saturn to be used for manned flights it

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initially will be used for practice and

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training for the manned lunar mission to

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be accomplished before the end of the

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1960's with a much larger Saturn 5

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booster the earlier Saturn the Saturn 1

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has completed its flight schedule of 10

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firings scoring and unprecedented

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success by proving 100% successful in

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all flights the Saturn 1b first stage

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while appearing to be almost identical

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to the earlier Saturn first stage is

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actually a much improved booster the

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cluster of eight engines was increased

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in power from 1.5 million pounds thrust

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to 1.6 million the weight of the booster

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was reduced by 20 thousand pounds thus

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giving the Saturn 1b a significant

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increase in performance while retaining

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the reliability factor which the smaller

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Saturn has so dramatically shown in

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actual flight the second stage of the

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Saturn 1b has more than double the power

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of the earlier Saturn second stage this

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part alone is as tall as a five-story

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building it will later be used as the

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third stage of the Saturn 5 to complete

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the space vehicle and instrument unit is

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added which contains the guidance

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equipment

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necessary to place the Saturn on its

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planned flight path above this is the

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payload a command and propulsion module

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and a lunar module the spacecraft which

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later will be boosted to the moon by the

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larger saturn v to perform the actual

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manned lunar landing the story of this

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enormous Saturn 1b began in 1962 when

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the National Aeronautics and Space

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Administration determined to test the

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complete Apollo spacecraft in Earth

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orbit as soon as possible

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this Saturn would permit manned earth

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orbital rendezvous flights to begin a

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year earlier than previously planned

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without the expense of a completely new

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development program at the Michoud

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assembly facility at new orleans the

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Chrysler Corporation under the direction

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of the Marshall Space Flight Center

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started production of the booster stage

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using fabrication and assembly equipment

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similar to that used for the earlier

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Saturn the booster began to take shape

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the cluster of tanks first was assembled

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the eight operated engines added and the

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intricate engine controls and the

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electrical network were installed with

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assembly completed details quality

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checks and tests were conducted under

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propulsion electrical control

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instrumentation and telemetry systems a

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central computer complex supported the

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operation the booster was next moved on

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its transporter to the barrage Palamon

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to start its long trip up the

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Mississippi Ohio and Tennessee rivers to

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the ground firing site at Huntsville

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Alabama in March 1965 the stage was in

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the stand at Huntsville ready for the

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it was fired first for 30 seconds then

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two weeks later fired for the full

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flight duration of two and 1/2 minutes

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engine control was tested by gambling

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the engines during firing all recorded

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results indicated the stage was ready

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for its maiden flight it was then barged

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to me shoe assembly facility for final

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checks and later to Cape Kennedy where

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the NASA Kennedy Space Center team began

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launch preparations at the same time the

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booster was being assembled the second

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stage was under fabrication at

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Huntington Beach California by the

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Douglas Aircraft Company under direction

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of the Marshall Center this completely

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new hydrogen fueled upper stage uses a

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single 200,000 pound thrust j2 engine

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among the unique features of this stage

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is the use of a common bulkhead to

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separate the liquid oxygen from the

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liquid hydrogen fuel special

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installation under bulkhead keeps the

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liquid oxygen from being frozen by the

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liquid hydrogen which has a temperature

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of 423 degrees below zero the stage was

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later moved to the Sacramento test

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full duration firing of seven and 1/2

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minutes marked the first time that a

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fully automatic system had been used to

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perform a complete check out propellant

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loading and Static firing tests on a

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space vehicle this engine was also

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programmed to gimbal in simulation of

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the guidance commands it would receive

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in actual flight after final checkout

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the stage was transported by barge from

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California to the Kennedy Space Center

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meanwhile the instrument unit the brain

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or nerve center of the Saturn vehicle

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was under joint development by the

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International business machine

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cooperation

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and the Marshall Center at Huntsville

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Alabama this unit provides the commands

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for engine gimbal lling in-flight

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sequencing of the engine propulsion

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system staging operations telemetry and

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all primary timing signals the Saturn 1b

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instrument unit is essentially the same

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instrument section which will be used on

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later saturn v launch vehicles the

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complete payload for the Saturn 1b space

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vehicle was developed by North American

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Aviation under the direction of NASA's

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manned spacecraft Center Houston Texas

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for the first Apollo Saturn 1b flight

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this consisted of the command module the

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propulsion module a weight simulating

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the lunar module and the launch escape

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system upon completion of the first

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flight payload the sections were

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transported to the launch center for

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addition to the booster before a final

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development work on both stages and the

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payload a complete non flight version of

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the full Apollo Saturn 1b vehicle had

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been placed in a two hundred four foot

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high dynamic test stand at Huntsville

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hear the full rocket was subjected to

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shake tests for determining its

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vibration and bending characteristics in

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keeping with the new NASA policy of

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flying complete Saturn vehicles

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beginning with the first flight the

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vehicle we have seen under development

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was planned to follow this concept both

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stages and the instrument unit were

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scheduled for a full test in flight the

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command module was complete except for

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the life-support system and the

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propulsion module was set to fire its

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propulsion and guidance system this

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first launch vehicle was programmed to

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perform a sub orbital lob shot with the

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Apollo command and propulsion modules as

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the payload they were to be lofted to an

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altitude of approximately 300 miles by

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the two booster stages after the first

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stage burns and drops away the second

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stage burns for seven and one-half

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minutes then its attitude controls tilt

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the payload to the proper

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re-entry position this stage is kicked

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aside and the command and propulsion

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modules Coast over the apex of the

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flight path small Rockets fire to seat

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the liquid propellants and the

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propulsion module engine ignites to

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increase the re-entry speed the engine

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reignites to check the restart

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capability and further increase the

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speed attitude rockets then turn the

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command module for re-entry the

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propulsion module is kicked aside and

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the Apollo continues toward the thicker

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air at a speed of nearly 18,000 miles an

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hour this mission was planned to provide

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a major test of the Apollo heat shield

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at a high re-entry heating rate and to

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demonstrate the operation of the

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propulsion module system and other

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spacecraft functions including the

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recovery system the cover of the Apollo

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separates and the main parachutes open

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at 2 miles above the water to land the

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test payload in the ocean without

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damaged Navy ships stood ready in the

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recovery area with equipment to raise

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the capsule aboard ship for the return

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later tests would evaluate the success

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of the reentry maneuver to motion

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picture cameras were prepared for

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installation on the saturn 1st stage to

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provide a permanent visual record of the

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separation sequence of the second stage

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from the first stage in flight they were

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also set to show the operation of the

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liquid hydrogen fueled engine the

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cameras were attached to the first stage

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and a system was installed to eject them

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at the appropriate time soon after

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ejection spring-loaded flaps open to

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stabilize the cameras and to slow their

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descent they reacted the atmosphere at

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79 hundred miles an hour three miles

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above the ocean a parable hoon Phil

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with gas to expand the balloon the

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attached parachute and the balloon

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produced drag to reduce the capsule

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impact velocity to prevent capsule

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damage the parable hoon also serves as a

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location aid and floats the camera in

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the ocean upon contact with the water a

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fluorescent dye is released to aid

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recovery a shark repellent is also

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released to ward off marine life that

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could damage the capsule and para

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balloon float a radio beacon attached to

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the top of the Faribault loon transmits

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a signal to aid recovery planes and

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ships in the area the film would be

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returns to huntsville alabama for study

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as the firing time approached 190,000

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gallons of liquid oxygen liquid hydrogen

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and kerosene were poured into the tanks

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the countdown proceeded to at the moment

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of ignition the firing team made final

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checks and evaluations a successful

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firing would mean that the United States

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Apollo Saturn program for the conquest

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of the moon and Beyond was proceeding as

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planned five four three two one ignition

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the Apollo Saturn 1b lifted slowly at

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first then doubled and redoubled its

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the first stage completed its mission

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the on-board camera showed the

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successful separation of the first stage

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the burn of the small solid rockets to

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seat the liquid propellant in the second

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telemetered information to ground

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stations revealed the success of the

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second stage and the propulsion module

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the Apollo Saturn 1b had performed its

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planned mission with this success the

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National Aeronautics and Space